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  ^[65] The plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Control Commission of the C.P.S.U.(B.), held April 16-23, 1929, discussed: 1) inner Party affairs; 2) questions concerning the Sixteenth All-Union Party Conference; and 3) the purging of the Party. The plenum approved the resolution on inner-Party affairs which had been adopted by a joint meeting of the Political Bureau of the C.C. and the Presidium of the C.C.C. on February 9, 1929, and in a special resolution condemned the Right-opportunist activities of Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky. The plenum approved and resolved to submit to the Sixteenth All-Union Party Conference the theses presented by the Political Bureau on a five-year plan for the development of the national economy, on ways and means of promoting agriculture and tax relief for the middle peasants, and on

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the results and immediate tasks of the fight against bureaucracy. It also decided to submit to the Sixteenth Party Conference theses, which it had approved in principle, on a purge of members and candidate members of the C.P.S.U.(B.). Stalin delivered a speech on "The Right Deviation in the C.P.S.U.(B.)" at the meeting of the plenum on April 22. (For the resolutions of the plenum of the C.C. and the C.C.C. of the C.P.S.U.(B.), see Resolutions and Decisions ot C.P.S.U. Congresses, Conferences and Central Committee Plenums, in Russian, 1953, Part II, pp. 429-47.)    [p.326]

  ^[66] This refers to the sabotage activities of a counter-revolutionary organization of bourgeois experts which had operated in Shakhty and other areas of the Don basin in 1923-28. This organization was uncovered in the beginning of 1928. The Shakhty case was examined at a special session of the Supreme Court of the U.S.S.R. in Moscow from May 18 to July 5, 1928. (For the Shakhty affair, see Stalin, Works, FLPH, Moscow, 1954, Vol. 11, pp. 38 and 57-68, and also History of the C.P.S.U.(B.), Short Course, FLPH, Moscow, 1954, p. 454.)    [p.336]

  ^[67] The Sixth Congress of the Communist International was held in Moscow, July 17-Seprember 1, 1928. It discussed a report on the activities of the Executive Committee of the Comintern and reports of the Executive Committee of the Young Communist International and of the International Control Commission, measures for combating the danger of imperialist wars, the Programme of the Communist International, the revolutionary movement in the colonies and semi-colonies, the economic situation in the U.S.S.R. and the situation in the C.P.S.U.(B.), and endorsed the Rules of the Communist International. In its decisions, the congress drew attention to the growth of the internal contradictions of capitalism, which were inevitably leading to a further shaking of the capitalist stabilization and to a sharp accentuation of the general crisis of capitalism. The congress defined the tasks of the Communist International springing from the new conditions of the working-class struggle, and mobilized the Communist Parties to intensify the fight against the Right deviation as the chief danger, and against conciliation towards it. The congress took note of the achievements of socialist construction in the U.S.S.R. and their importance in strengthening the revolutionary positions of the international proletariat, and called upon the working people of the whole world to defend the Soviet Union. Stalin took a leading part in the work of the congress. He was elected to the Presidium of the congress, to the Programme Commission and to the Political Commission set up to draft the theses on the international situation and the tasks of the Communist International.    [p.344]

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  ^[68] This refers to thc plenum of the Central Committee of the C.P.S.U (B.), with the participation of members of the Central Control Commission and the Central Auditing Commission, which was held November 16-24, 1928.    [p.350]

  ^[69] Katheder-Socialism -- a trend in bourgeois ideology, chiefly in bourgeois political economy, which arose in Germany in the latter half of the nineteenth century and later became widespread in Britain, America and France. Its representatives were bourgeois-liberal professors who used their university chairs (Katheder means university chair) to combat Marxism and the developing revolutionary working-class movement, to slur over the contradictions of capitalism, and to preach class conciliation. The Katheder-Socialists denied the class, exploiting character of the bourgeois state and alleged that the latter was capable of perfecting capitalism by means of social reforms. Referring to the German representatives of this trend, Engels wrote: "Our Katheder-Sozialisten [Katheder-Socialists] have never been much more, theoretically, than slightly philanthropic Vulgärökonomen [vulgar economists], and now they have sunk to the level of simple apologists of Bismarck's Staatssozialismus [state socialism]." (Marx and Engels, Selected Correspondence, FLPH Moscow, no publication date, p. 464.) In Russia, the bourgeois-liberai reformist ideas of the Katheder-Socialists were preached by the "legal Marxists." The Russian Mensheviks, the opportunist parties of the Second International and the modern Right-wing Socialists also went over to the position of Katheder-Socialism, striving to subordinate the working-class movement to the interests of the bourgeoisie and preaching that capitalism would grow gradually and peacefully into socialism.    [p.358]

  ^[70] This refers to the plenum of the C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.), held July 4-l2, 1928    [p.374]

  ^[71] Youth International (Jugend-Internationale ) -- a magazine, the organ of the International Union of Socialist Youth Organizations, published in Zurich from September 1915 to May 1918. From 1919 to 1941 it was the organ of the Executive Committee of the Young Communist International, (In 1925-28, it appeared under the title Communist Youth International.)    [p.393]

  ^[72] See Lenin Miscellany, Russ. ed., Vol. 14, pp. 250-59.    [p.398]

  ^[73] Sbornik Sotsial-Demokrata ("Sotsial-Demokrat" Symposium ) was publisbed by the C.C., R.S.D.L.P., in 1916 under the personal direction of Lenin. Two numbers were issued: in October and December 1916.    [p.398]

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  ^[74] At the time of the Brest Peace (1918), Bukharin and the group of "Left" Communists he headed joined with Trotsky in waging a fierce struggle within the Party against Lenin, demanding the continuation of the war with the aim of exposing the young Soviet Republic, which still had no army, to the blows of German imperialism. At the trial of the anti-Soviet "Right-Trotskyite bloc" in 1938, it was established that Bukharin and the group of "Left" Communists headed by him had joined with Trotsky and the "Left" Socialist-Revolutionaries in a secret counter-revolutionary conspiracy against the Soviet Government with the object of torpedoing the Brest Peace Treaty, arresting and assassinating V. I. Lenin, J. V. Stalin and Y. M. Sverdlov, and establishing a government of Bukharinites, Trotskyites and "Left" Socialist-Revolutionaries.    [p.421]

  ^[75] EKOSO of the R.S.F..S.R. -- Economic Council of the Council of People's Commissars of the R.S.F.S.R.    [p.423]

  ^[76] The Sixteenth Conference of the C.P.S.U.(B.), which took place in Moscow, April 23-29, 1929, discussed a five-year plan of development of the national economy, ways and means of promoting agriculture and tax relief for the middle peasants, results and immediate tasks of the fight against bureaucracy, and the purge and verification of members and candidate members of the C.P.S.U.(B.). The first five-year plan was the chief question discussed by the conEerence. It rejected the "minimum" variant of the five-year plan advocated by the Right capitulators and adopted an "optimal" variant, to be obligatory under all circumstances. The conference condemned the Right deviation as representing a complete rejection of the Party's Leninist policy and an outright adoption of the position of the kulaks, and it called upon the Party to deliver a crushing blow to the Right deviation as the chief danger at that period, and also to conciliatory attitudes towards deviations from the Leninist line. V. M. Molotov reported to the conference on the April plenum of the C C. and the C.C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.), and on the speech delivered at that meeting by Stalin on "The Right Deviation in the C.P.S.U.(B.)." The conference unanimously passed a resolution on "Inner-Party Affairs" and adopted an appeal to all workers and labouring peasants of the Soviet Union for full development of socialist emulation. (For the resolutions of the Sixteenth Conference, see Resolutions and Decisions of C.P.S.U. Congresses, Conferences and Central Committee Plenums, in Russian, 1953, Part II, pp. 448-99.)    [p.428]