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  ^[111] The Seventh Enlarged Plenum of the Executive Committee of the Comintern was held in Moscow from November 22 to December 16, 1926. It discussed reports: on the international situation and the tasks of the Communist International; on China and Britain; on trustification, rationalisation and the tasks of Communists in the trade unions; on inner-Party questions of the C.P.S.U.(B.); on Germany and Holland. It also examined

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the cases of Maslow-Ruth Fischer, of Brandler and Thalheimer, and of Souvarine. A political, a Chinese, a British, a German and other commissions were set up at the plenum. J. V. Stalin was elected to the political, Chinese and German commissions. After discussing J. V. Stalin's report on "Inner-Party Questions of the C.P.S.U.(B.)," the plenum branded the Trotsky-Zinoviev opposition bloc in the C.P.S.U.(B.) as a bloc of splitters who, in their platform, had sunk to the Menshevist position. The plenum made it obligatory for the sections of the Comintern to conduct a determined struggle against all attempts of the opposition in the C.P.S.U.(B.) and their followers in other Communist Parties to disrupt the ideological and organisational unity of the Comintern and of Lenin's Party, the leader of the first proletarian state in the world. The Plenum endorsed the resolution of the Fifteenth Conference of the C.P.S.U.(B.) on "The Opposition Bloc in the C.P.S.U.(B.)," and resolved to append it to the plenum's resolutions as its own decision. J. V. Stalin's report on "Inner-Party Questions of the C.P.S.U.(B.)" and his reply to the discussion were published in December 1926 as a separate pamphlet entitled Once More on the Social-Democratic Deviation in Our Party.    [p. 517]

  ^[112] The Anti-Socialist Law was introduced in Germany in 1878 by the Bismarck government. It prohibited all organisations of the Social-Democratic Party, mass labour organisations and the labour press. On the basis of this law, socialist literature was confiscated and repressive measures were taken against Social-Democrats. The German Social-Democratic Party was forced into illegality. The law was repealed in 1890 under the pressure of the mass working-class movement.    [p. 522]

  ^[113] Der Sozialdemokrat -- an illegal newspaper, the organ of German Social-Democracy; published from September 1879 to September 1890, first in Zurich and from October 1888 in London.    [p. 522]

  ^[114] See Frederick Engels' Letter to Ed. Bernstein, October 20, 1882.    [p. 523]

  ^[115] See Frederick Engels' Letter to Ed. Bernstein, October 8, 1885.    [p. 523]

  ^[85] "Democratic Centralists" -- an anti-Party group, headed by Sapronov and Ossinsky, which existed in the R.C.P.(B.). It arose in the period of War Communism. The group denied the leading role of the Party in the Soviets, opposed one-man management and personal responsibility of factory directors, opposed Lenin's line on organisational questions, and demanded freedom for groups in the Party. The Ninth and Tenth Party Congresses condemned the "Democratic Centralists" as an anti-Party group. Together with active members of the Trotskyist opposition, the group was expelled from the Party by the Fifteenth Congress of the C.P.S.U.(B.) in 1927.    [p. 527]

  ^[80] The "Workers' Opposition" -- an anti-Party anarcho-syndicalist group in the R.C.P.(B.), headed by Shlyapnikov, Medvedyev and others. It was formed in the latter half of 1920 and fought the Leninist line of the Party. The Tenth Congress of the R.C.P.(B.) condemned the "Workers' Opposition" and decided that propaganda of the ideas of the anarcho-syndicalist deviation was incompatible with membership of the Communist Party. Subsequently the remnants of the routed "Workers' Opposition" linked up with counter-revolutionary Trotskyism, and were crushed as enemies of the Party and the Soviet regime.    [p. 527]

  ^[116] The Fifth World Congress of the Communist International took place in Moscow from June 17 to July 8, 1924. Having discussed "The Economic Situation in the U.S.S.R. and the Discussion in the R.C.P.(B.)," it unanimously gave its support to the Bolshevik Party in its struggle against Trotskyism. The congress endorsed the resolution of the Thirteenth Conference of the R.C.P.(B.) on "Results of the Discussion and the Petty-Bourgeois Deviation in the Party," which had been confirmed

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by the Thirteenth Congress of the R.C.P.(B.), and decided to publish ie as its resolution.    [p. 528]

  ^[117] The Fifteenth Conference of the C.P.S.U.(B.) took place from October 26 to November 3, 1926. For the theses on "The Opposition Bloc in the C.P.S.U.(B.)," see Note 83.

[Note 83 -- The theses on "The Opposition Bloc in the C.P.S.U.(B.)" were written by J. V. Stalin, at the request of the Political Bureau of the C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.), between October 21 and 25, 1926. They were approved by the Political Bureau and on October 26 were discussed and adopted by a joint plenum of the C.C. and C.C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.). On November 3 the theses were unanimously adopted by the Fifteenth All-Union Party Conference as a decision of the conference, and on the same day were endorsed by a joint plenum of the C.C. and C.C.C., C.P.S.U.(B.) (see Resolutions and Decisions of C.P.S.U. Congresses, Conferences and Central Committee Plenums, Part II, 1953, pp. 209-20).]    [p. 530]

  ^[118] See Note 58.

[Note 58 -- For the resolution of the Fourteenth Party Conference on "The Tasks of the Comintern and the R.C.P.(B.) in Connection with the Enlarged Plenum of the E.C.C.I.," see Resolutions and Decisions of C.P.S.U. Congresses, Conferences and Central Committee Plenums, in Russian, 1953, Part II, pp. 43-52.]    [p. 537]

  ^[119] Sotsial-Demokrat -- an illegal newspaper, the central organ of the R.S.D.L.P. It was published from February 1908 to January 1917; fifty-eight numbers appeared. The first number was published in Russia, the rest abroad, first in Paris and later in Geneva. In conformity with a decision of the Central Committee of the R.S.D.L.P., the editorial board of the Sotsial-Demokrat consisted of representatives of the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and the Polish Social-Democrats. The uncompromising struggle Lenin waged on the editorial board of the newspaper for a consistent Bolshevik line led to the resignation of the representatives of the Mensheviks and Polish Social-Democrats from the editorial board. From December 1911 onwards the Sotsial-Demokrat was edited by Lenin. It published a number of articles by J. V. Stalin. V. I. Lenin's article "The United States of Europe Slogan" was published in the Sotsial-Demokrat, No. 44, August 23, 1915 (see V. I. Lenin, Selected Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1952, Vol. I, Part 2, pp. 413-17).    [p. 543]

  ^[93] Nashe Slovo (Our Word ) -- a Menshevik-Trotskyist newspaper published in Paris from January 1915 to September 1916.    [p. 543]

  ^[71] See V. I. Lenin, Selected Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1952, Vol. II, Part 2, pp. 526-68.    [p. 545]

  ^[120] See J. V. Stalin, "The Social-Democratic Deviation in Our Party" (in this volume, pp. 382-441.)    [p. 550]

  ^[121] This refers to the British general strike of May 3-12, 1926. Over five million organised workers in all the major branches of industry and transport took part in the strike. For the causes of the strike and of Its collapse, see J. V. Stalin, Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1954, Vol. 8, pp. 164-77.  [Transcriber's Note: See Stalin's "The British Strike and the Events in Poland". -- DJR]    [p. 557]

  ^[122] See V. I. Lenin, Plan of the Pamphlet "The Tax in Kind."  II. Plan of Pamphlet. (1921)    [p. 558]

  ^[123] The Weddingites -- one of the "ultra-Left" groups in the German Communist Party organisation; it existed in Wedding, a north-western district of inner Berlin. The leaders of the "Wedding Opposition" supported the Trotsky-Zinoviev opposition bloc in the C.P.S.U.(B.). The Seventh Enlarged Plenum of the E.C.C.I. emphatically condemned the "Wedding Opposition," and demanded that it completely cease factional activity, break off all connection with elements expelled from the German Communist Party and hostile to the Party, and unreservedly obey the decisions of the German Communist Party and the Comintern.    [p. 563]

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  ^[124] Posledniye Novosti (Latest News ) -- a daily newspaper, central organ of Milyukov's counter-revolutionary bourgeois party; published in Paris from April 1920 to July 1940.    [p. 566]

  ^[21] See V. I. Lenin, Selected Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1952, Vol. II, Part 1, pp. 13-19.    [p. 575]

  ^[125] The Zimmerwald Left -- a group of Left Internationalists, formed by V. I. Lenin at the First International Conference of Internationalists, which took place August 23-26 (September 5-8), 1915, at Zimmerwald in Switzerland. The Bolshevik Party, headed by V. I. Lenin, took the only correct stand in the Zimmerwald Left, that of absolutely consistent opposition to the war. Concerning the Zimmerwald Left, see the History of the C.P.S.U.(B.), Short Course, Moscow, 1952, pp. 257-58.    [p. 576]

  ^[126] Smena-Vekhist -- a supporter of the bourgeois political trend which arose in 1921 among the Russian bourgeois émigrés. It was headed by a group consisting of N. Ustryalov, Y. Kluchnikov, and others, who published the magazine Smena Vekh (Change of Landmarks ). The trend reflected the views of the new bourgeoisie and bourgeois intelligentsia in Soviet Russia, who, owing to the introduction of the New Economic Policy, renounced open armed struggle against the Soviet Government and counted on the Soviet system gradually degenerating into an ordinary bourgeois republic. (On the Smena-Vekhists, see V. I. Lenin, Selected Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1952, Vol. II, Part 2, pp. 652-54. [Transcriber's Note: See Lenin's Eleventh Congress of the R.C.P.(B.). -- DJR] Also see J. V. Stalin, Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1954, Vol. 7, pp. 350-51  [Transcriber's Note: See Stalin's "The Fourteenth Congress of the C.P.S.U.(B.)". -- DJR].)    [p. 580]

  ^[127] Nechayevism -- conspiratorial and terrorist tactics; from the name of a Russian Bakuninist anarchist, S. G. Nechayev. Towards the end of the sixties of the nineteenth century, he formed a narrow conspiratorial organisation which was isolated from the masses, and whose members were allowed no opportunity to express their will or opinion.    [p. 590]

  ^[128] Arakcheyevism -- a regime of unrestricted police despotism, military tyranny and violence against the people, established in Russia in the first quarter of the nineteenth century. It was so named after the reactionary statesman Count Arakcheyev.    [p. 590]

  ^[129] See Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Selected Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1951, Vol. I, p. 193.    [p. 596]

  ^[130] See Marx-Engels, Gesamtausgabe, Abt. III, Bd. 2, S. 342.    [p. 596]

  ^[101] F. Engels, "Grundsätze des Kommunismus." See Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe, Abt. I, Bd. 6, S. 503-22.    [p. 599]

  ^[131] See Karl Marx, "Die revolutionare Bewegung" in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, Nr. 184 vom I/I, 1849.    [p. 606]

  ^[132] See V. I. Lenin, The Development of Capitalism in Russia. (1896-99)    [p. 614]

  ^[41] See V. I. Lenin, Selected Works, F.L.P.H., Moscow, 1952, Vol. II, Part 1, pp. 199-325.    [p. 621]

  ^[133] See Resolutions and Decisions of C.P.S.U. Congresses, Conferences and Central Committee Plenums, Part II, 1953, pp. 43-52.    [p. 632]

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  ^[84] See V. I. Lenin, Plan of the Pamphlet "The Tax in Kind." (1921)    [p. 635]

  ^[134] Ibid., Part I, 1953, pp. 409-30.    [p. 637]

  ^[135] This refers to the resolution on "Results of the Discussion and the Petty-Bourgeois Deviation in the Party," adopted by the Thirteenth Conference of the R.C.P.(B.) on J. V. Stalin's report on "Immediate Tasks in Party Affairs" (see Resolutions and Decisions of C.P.S.U. Congresses, Conferences and Central Committee Plenums, Part I, 1953, pp. 778-85).    [p. 650]