What do the police and officials want?	| | | | | | | | | |	What do the most liberal of the bour- geois (the people of the Osvobozhdeniye, or the Constitution- al-Democratic Par- ty) want?	| | | | | | | | | |	What do the class- conscious workers (the Social-Demo- crats) want?
The absolute mon- archy.		The constitutional monarchy.		The democratic re- public.

 
OF WHAT DO THESE SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT CONSIST?

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY	| | | | | | | | | | | |	CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY	| | | | | | | | | | | |	DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
1. The tsar -- an absolute monarch.		1.  The tsar -- a constitutional mon- arch.		1.  No tsar.
2.  A Council of State (officials ap- pointed by the tsar).		2.  An Upper House of popular re- presentatives (in di- rect, not quite equal and not quite univer- sal elections).		2.  No Upper House.

3.  A State Duma, or consultative body of popular represen- tatives (in direct, unequal, and non- universal elections).

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3.  A Lower House (universal, direct, and equal elections by secret ballot).

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3.  A single re- publican house (un- iversal, direct, and equal elections by secret ballot).

 





WHAT IS THE SIGNFICANCE OF THESE
SYSTEMS OF GOVERMENT?

 

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY	| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |	CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY	| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |	DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
1. and 2. Com- plete power of the police and the of- ficials over the people.		1. One-third of the power in the hands of the police and the officials, headed by the tsar.		1. No indepen- dent power for either the police or the officials; their complete subordination to the people.
3. Consultative voice of the big bourgeoisie and the rich landlords.		2. One-third of the power in the hands of the big bourgeoisie and the rich landlords.		2. No privileges for either the capi- talists or the land- lords.
No power for the people.		3. One-third of the power in the hands of the whole people.		3. All power -- wholly, completely and indivisibly -- in the hands of the whole people.

ABSOLUTE MONARCHY	| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |	CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY	| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |	DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
That the courti- ers, the police, and the officials may live on the fat of the land;   that the rich may rob the workers and peasants at their own free will;   that the people may remain for ever without rights and live in darkness and ignorance.		That the police and the officials may be dependent on the capitalists and landlords;   that the capital- ists, landlords, and rich peasants may freely and easily rob the workers of town and country, by right and not by arbitrary rule.		That the free and enlightened people may learn to run things themselves, and, principally, that the working class may be free to struggle for soc- ialism, for a system under which there will be neither rich nor poor and all the land, all the facto- ries and works, will belong to all the working people.